{"id":9955,"date":"2026-04-27T10:52:55","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T08:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/?p=9955"},"modified":"2026-04-27T10:52:55","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T08:52:55","slug":"objav-ktory-moze-urychlit-vyvoj-novych-solarnych-clankov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/objav-ktory-moze-urychlit-vyvoj-novych-solarnych-clankov\/","title":{"rendered":"Objav, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee ur\u00fdchli\u0165 v\u00fdvoj nov\u00fdch sol\u00e1rnych \u010dl\u00e1nkov"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm z Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) v Rak\u00fasku, na ktor\u00e9ho pr\u00e1ci sa podie\u013eal aj vedec \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky SAV, v. v. i., v Ko\u0161iciach Mgr. Dmytro Rak, PhD., vysvetlil, pre\u010do dok\u00e1\u017eu perovskity \u2013 materi\u00e1ly pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za bud\u00facnos\u0165 fotovoltiky \u2013 premie\u0148a\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00fa energiu na elektrinu s mimoriadne vysokou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou, hoci obsahuj\u00fa mno\u017estvo prirodzen\u00fdch defektov. V\u00fdsledky medzin\u00e1rodnej \u0161t\u00fadie publikoval prest\u00ed\u017eny \u010dasopis\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-026-68660-5\"><i>Nature Communications<\/i><\/a>.<\/b><\/p>\n<p>Perovskity sa v posledn\u00fdch rokoch dostali do centra pozornosti ako perspekt\u00edvna alternat\u00edva ku krem\u00edku, ktor\u00fd dnes dominuje v\u00fdrobe sol\u00e1rnych panelov. Ich v\u00fdhodou je jednoduch\u0161ia a lacnej\u0161ia v\u00fdroba z roztokov, no doteraz nebolo jasn\u00e9, ako si napriek tomu udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa tak\u00fd vysok\u00fd v\u00fdkon.<\/p>\n<p>Postdoktorand Dmytro Rak a profesor Zhanybek Alpichshev z ISTA odhalili mechanizmus, ktor\u00fd stoj\u00ed za v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fdmi fotovoltick\u00fdmi vlastnos\u0165ami perovskitov. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm zisten\u00edm je, \u017ee zatia\u013e \u010do krem\u00edkov\u00e1 technol\u00f3gia sa spolieha na absenciu defektov, pri perovskitoch plat\u00ed opak: pr\u00e1ve prirodzen\u00e1 sie\u0165 \u0161truktur\u00e1lnych defektov umo\u017e\u0148uje transport nosi\u010dov n\u00e1boja na ve\u013ek\u00e9 vzdialenosti potrebn\u00fd na efekt\u00edvny zber energie.\u00a0<i>\u201eNa\u0161a pr\u00e1ca prin\u00e1\u0161a prv\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne vysvetlenie t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov, ktor\u00e9 zoh\u013ead\u0148uje takmer v\u0161etky zn\u00e1me vlastnosti,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0hovor\u00ed D. Rak. V\u00fdsledky by mohli ur\u00fdchli\u0165 prechod perovskitov\u00fdch sol\u00e1rnych \u010dl\u00e1nkov novej gener\u00e1cie z laborat\u00f3ria do praxe.<\/p>\n<p><b>Od zabudnutia do centra pozornosti<\/b><\/p>\n<p>\u201eOlovnato-halogenidov\u00e9 perovskity\u201c z\u00edskali op\u00e4tovn\u00fa pozornos\u0165 vedcov pribli\u017ene okolo roku 2010, ke\u010f sa uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee vykazuj\u00fa v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd fotovoltick\u00fd v\u00fdkon (t\u00fato triedu zl\u00fa\u010den\u00edn objavili u\u017e v 70. rokoch minul\u00e9ho storo\u010dia). Z\u00e1rove\u0148 sa uplat\u0148uj\u00fa aj v LED di\u00f3dach \u010di pri detekcii a zobrazovan\u00ed r\u00f6ntgenov\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia.\u00a0<i>\u201eOkrem toho vykazuj\u00fa \u00fa\u017easn\u00e9 kvantov\u00e9 vlastnosti, ako je kvantov\u00e1 koherencia pri izbovej teplote,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0vysvet\u013euje Z. Alpichshev.<\/p>\n<p>D\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou v\u00fdskumu bola aj nov\u00e1 zobrazovacia met\u00f3da, ktor\u00fa vedci prirovn\u00e1vaj\u00fa k angiografii. Pomocou i\u00f3nov striebra sa im podarilo zvidite\u013eni\u0165 vn\u00fatorn\u00fa sie\u0165 dom\u00e9nov\u00fdch stien hlboko v kry\u0161t\u00e1li perovskitu a priamo potvrdi\u0165 jej existenciu.<\/p>\n<p>Zistenia m\u00f4\u017eu v\u00fdznamne ur\u00fdchli\u0165 v\u00fdvoj novej gener\u00e1cie lacnej\u0161\u00edch a v\u00fdkonnej\u0161\u00edch sol\u00e1rnych \u010dl\u00e1nkov. Namiesto zlo\u017eit\u00e9ho odstra\u0148ovania defektov sa vedci m\u00f4\u017eu zamera\u0165 na cielen\u00e9 vyu\u017eitie prirodzen\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed t\u00fdchto materi\u00e1lov. V\u00fdskum tak otv\u00e1ra cestu k efekt\u00edvnej\u0161iemu vyu\u017e\u00edvaniu slne\u010dnej energie a dostupnej\u0161\u00edm obnovite\u013en\u00fdm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Pod\u013ea autorov pr\u00e1ca prin\u00e1\u0161a prv\u00e9 komplexn\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne vysvetlenie perovskitov.\u00a0<i>\u201eS t\u00fdmto ucelen\u00fdm obrazom sme kone\u010dne schopn\u00ed zos\u00faladi\u0165 mnoh\u00e9 doteraz protichodn\u00e9 pozorovania t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa olovo-halogenidov\u00fdch perovskitov a vyrie\u0161i\u0165 dlhodob\u00fa diskusiu o p\u00f4vode ich v\u00fdnimo\u010dnej fotovoltickej \u00fa\u010dinnosti,\u201c<\/i>\u00a0kon\u0161tatuje D. Rak.<\/p>\n<p>Zistenia t\u00edmu z ISTA m\u00f4\u017eu pom\u00f4c\u0165 pri v\u00fdvoji perovskitov tak, aby sa zv\u00fd\u0161ila ich \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 bez ohrozenia n\u00edzkon\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho v\u00fdrobn\u00e9ho procesu. V praxi to nazna\u010duje pr\u00edchod novej gener\u00e1cie sol\u00e1rnych \u010dl\u00e1nkov.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Prevzat\u00e9 z <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sav.sk\/?lang=sk&amp;doc=services-news&amp;source_no=20&amp;news_no=13577\">Aktuality SAV<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00fd t\u00edm z Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA) v Rak\u00fasku, na ktor\u00e9ho pr\u00e1ci sa podie\u013eal aj vedec \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky SAV, v. v&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9956,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9955"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9955"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9955\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9958,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9955\/revisions\/9958"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9956"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9955"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9955"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9955"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}