{"id":2645,"date":"2019-09-03T19:20:27","date_gmt":"2019-09-03T17:20:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/?p=2645"},"modified":"2019-09-03T19:20:27","modified_gmt":"2019-09-03T17:20:27","slug":"na-ceste-k-rieseniu-zahady-najenergetickejsich-castic-vo-vesmire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/na-ceste-k-rieseniu-zahady-najenergetickejsich-castic-vo-vesmire\/","title":{"rendered":"Na ceste k rie\u0161eniu z\u00e1hady najenergetickej\u0161\u00edch \u010dast\u00edc vo vesm\u00edre"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>No\u010dn\u00e1 obloha svieti. Samotn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, jej horn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165, svieti slab\u00fdm svetlom, ktor\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 oko pri poh\u013eade na oblohu nezachyt\u00ed. Molekuly kysl\u00edka, ktor\u00e9 po\u010das d\u0148a rozdelilo ultrafialov\u00e9 \u017eiarenie slnka na at\u00f3my kysl\u00edka sa po\u010das noc\u00ed op\u00e4tovne sp\u00e1jaj\u00fa. Pri ich spojen\u00ed do O<sub>2<\/sub> molekuly sa vy\u017eiari fot\u00f3n. Takto vytvoren\u00e9 svetlo nesie pomenovanie airglow.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Airglow \u017eiarenie je pribli\u017ene desiatky mili\u00f3nov kr\u00e1t slab\u0161ie ako denn\u00e9 svetlo. Napriek tomu je prek\u00e1\u017ekou pri sledovan\u00ed zauj\u00edmav\u00e9ho fyzik\u00e1lneho javu, \u010dasticov\u00fdch sp\u0155\u0161ok tvoren\u00fdch kozmick\u00fdm \u017eiaren\u00edm s ultra vysokou energiou (UHECR \u010dastice z Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays). P\u00f4vod UHECR \u010dast\u00edc je nevyrie\u0161enou z\u00e1hadou astrofyziky u\u017e takmer 60 rokov. Viac ne\u017e 300 v\u00fdskumn\u00edkov zo 16 kraj\u00edn pracuje na pr\u00edprave experimentu pomenovan\u00e9ho Observat\u00f3rium extr\u00e9mneho vesm\u00edru, v skratke EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory), ktor\u00fd by mal z vesm\u00edru pozorova\u0165 sveteln\u00e9 stopy \u010dasticov\u00fd sp\u0155\u0161ok tvoren\u00fdch UHECR \u017eiaren\u00edm a rozrie\u0161i\u0165 t\u00fato z\u00e1hadu. <strong>Na experimente pracuje aj \u00dastav Experiment\u00e1lnej Fyziky SAV<\/strong> a Technick\u00e1 Univerzita v Ko\u0161iciach. D\u00f4le\u017eitou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou pr\u00edprav tohto experimentu je mapovanie airglow \u017eiarenia. Toto svetlo je najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161ou prek\u00e1\u017ekou pri sledovan\u00ed \u010dasticov\u00fdch sp\u0155\u0161ok v atmosf\u00e9re. E\u0161te pred \u0161tartom hlavn\u00e9ho EUSO experimentu, prebieha s\u00e9ria pr\u00edpravn\u00fdch experimentov. Dvojica z nich, zameran\u00e1 hlavne na sledovanie airglow \u017eiarenia \u0161tartovala v posledn\u00fdch d\u0148och.<\/p>\n<p>Najsk\u00f4r <strong>22. augusta<\/strong> od\u0161tartovala z Bajkonuru kozmick\u00e1 lo\u010f Sojuz MS-14. Po prv\u00fd kr\u00e1t po 33 rokoch bez pos\u00e1dky. \u0160tart otestoval jej fungovanie s nov\u0161\u00edm raketov\u00fdm nosi\u010dom Sojuz-2.1a. S\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou jej n\u00e1kladu, ktor\u00fd viezla k Medzin\u00e1rodnej vesm\u00edrnej stanici ISS je aj Mini-EUSO experiment. Ten bude umiestnen\u00fd na ISS v module Zvezda v okne smeruj\u00facom na Zem. Odtia\u013e bude pozorova\u0165 atmosf\u00e9ru na no\u010dnej strane Zeme a monitorova\u0165 airglow \u017eiarenie, hmotu zlo\u017een\u00fa z podivn\u00fdch kvarkov a \u010fal\u0161ie atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9 javy.<\/p>\n<p>Ve\u010der <strong>31. augusta<\/strong>, dev\u00e4\u0165 tis\u00edc kilometrov od Bajkonuru v Timminse v Kanade sa od zeme odlepil bal\u00f3n franc\u00fazskej vesm\u00edrnej agent\u00fary CNES. Od\u0161tartoval na stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fa misiu Strato Science 2019 nes\u00fac vo svojej gondole s\u00e9riu vedeck\u00fdch experimentov. Z boku bol na gondole pripojen\u00fd <strong>HiDRON<\/strong>, klz\u00e1k s rozp\u00e4t\u00edm kr\u00eddel 3,4 metra, ur\u010den\u00fd na lety vo ve\u013ek\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161kach. Ten vyv\u00edja kanadsk\u00fd startup Stratodynamics ako pokro\u010dil\u00fa man\u00e9vrovate\u013en\u00fa alternat\u00edvu k stratosf\u00e9rick\u00fdm bal\u00f3nom.<\/p>\n<p>Bal\u00f3n CNES gondolu s HiDRONom vyniesol do v\u00fd\u0161ky 34 kilometrov. Tam sa HiDRON oddelil a za\u010dal svoj samostatn\u00fd let, misiu nazvan\u00fa HiDRON Airglow. T\u00fato misiu realizoval pre \u00dastav Experiment\u00e1lnej Fyziky SAV v Ko\u0161iciach. Detektor AMON (Airglow MONitor) pozoroval z paluby HiDRONu airglow \u017eiarenie. <strong>AMON detektor<\/strong> je p\u00f4vodne detektorom pozemnej meracej siete AMON-net, ktor\u00fa postupne <strong>vyv\u00edja a buduje \u00daEF SAV<\/strong>. Jeden AMON monitoruje no\u010dn\u00fa oblohu v Mexiku, \u010fal\u0161\u00ed na Kan\u00e1rskych ostrovoch, jeden v Nemecku a jeden v Kolonici. Na \u00daEF SAV teraz pripravuj\u00fa jeho verziu prisp\u00f4soben\u00fa kozmick\u00fdm podmienkam. V r\u00e1mci jej testovania prebehol aj let v Timminse.<\/p>\n<p>HiDRON po svojom uvo\u013enen\u00ed z gondoly bal\u00f3nu vo\u013en\u00fdm p\u00e1dom zr\u00fdchlil na takmer 900 km\/h a pre\u0165a\u017eenie na jeho palube dosiahlo hodnotu 12g. Potom let vyrovnal, v\u00fdrazne spomalil a pokra\u010doval v k\u013azavom lete. \u0160tart UAS dronu z takej v\u00fd\u0161ky je pravdepodobne svetov\u00fdm v\u00fd\u0161kov\u00fdm rekordom. Let skon\u010dil \u00faspe\u0161n\u00fd prist\u00e1tim po pribli\u017ene 4 hodin\u00e1ch od oddelenia sa od bal\u00f3nu.<\/p>\n<p>AMON na palube HiDRON klz\u00e1ku fungoval spr\u00e1vne a zaznamen\u00e1val intenzitu sveteln\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia a s\u00e9riu telemetrick\u00fdch \u00fadajov. Zniesol tak podmienky vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 34 kilometrov, kde napr\u00edklad teplota kles\u00e1 k hodnote -60 stup\u0148ov Celzia. T\u00edm z \u00daEF SAV potrebuje aby tieto podmienky dok\u00e1zal zn\u00e1\u0161a\u0165 dlhodobo. V roku 2022 polet\u00ed s\u00e9ria AMON detektorov s EUSO detektorom na stratosf\u00e9rickom bal\u00f3ne NASA (misia EUSO-SPB2) a jeho let vo v\u00fd\u0161ke 35 km a let potrv\u00e1 100 dn\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdsledkom meran\u00ed t\u00fdchto misi\u00ed a pozemnej siete AMON-net bude \u010dasov\u00e1 mapa tvorby airglow \u017eiarenia, ktor\u00e1 uk\u00e1\u017ee ko\u013eko svetla produkuje horn\u00e1 vrstva atmosf\u00e9ry na r\u00f4znych miestach v r\u00f4znych \u010dasoch.<\/p>\n<p>text a foto: P. Bob\u00edk<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>No\u010dn\u00e1 obloha svieti. Samotn\u00e1 atmosf\u00e9ra, jej horn\u00e1 \u010das\u0165, svieti slab\u00fdm svetlom, ktor\u00e9 \u013eudsk\u00e9 oko pri poh\u013eade na oblohu nezachyt\u00ed. Molekuly kysl\u00edka, ktor\u00e9 po\u010das d\u0148a rozdelilo&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2647,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2645"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2645"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2645\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2651,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2645\/revisions\/2651"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2647"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2645"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2645"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2645"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}