{"id":10013,"date":"2026-05-14T16:26:36","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T14:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/?p=10013"},"modified":"2026-05-14T16:26:36","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T14:26:36","slug":"tim-vedcov-z-uef-sav-objasnil-ako-ovladat-kvapalne-krystaly-pre-uspornejsie-technologie-buducnosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/tim-vedcov-z-uef-sav-objasnil-ako-ovladat-kvapalne-krystaly-pre-uspornejsie-technologie-buducnosti\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00edm vedcov z \u00daEF SAV objasnil, ako ovl\u00e1da\u0165 kvapaln\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly pre \u00faspornej\u0161ie technol\u00f3gie bud\u00facnosti"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Kvapaln\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly s\u00fa dnes neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, od displejov a\u017e po pokro\u010dil\u00e9 senzorick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. V novej \u0161t\u00fadii publikovanej v prest\u00ed\u017enom \u010dasopise <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nature.com\/articles\/s41598-026-40009-4\"><em>Scientific Reports<\/em><\/a> t\u00edm vedcov z \u00dastavu experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky SAV, v. v. i., v Ko\u0161iciach v spolupr\u00e1ci s medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdmi partnermi uk\u00e1zal, ako mo\u017eno nepatrn\u00fdmi zmenami v zlo\u017een\u00ed materi\u00e1lu dosiahnu\u0165 prec\u00edznu kontrolu nad jeho spr\u00e1van\u00edm v elektrick\u00fdch a magnetick\u00fdch poliach.<\/p>\n<p>V\u00fdskum sa zameral na tzv. cholesterick\u00e9 kvapaln\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 prirodzene vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u0161pir\u00e1lovit\u00e9 (helik\u00e1lne) \u0161trukt\u00fary. Pr\u00e1ve tie im dod\u00e1vaj\u00fa unik\u00e1tne optick\u00e9 vlastnosti, vyu\u017eite\u013ene v displejoch, inteligentn\u00fdch okn\u00e1ch \u010di zariadeniach pre virtu\u00e1lnu realitu.<\/p>\n<p>Vedci sk\u00famali, ako pridanie \u0161peci\u00e1lnej l\u00e1tky, chir\u00e1lneho dopantu, ovplyv\u0148uje proces \u201erozba\u013eovania\u201c tejto \u0161pir\u00e1ly. K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdm zisten\u00edm bolo identifikovanie kritickej koncentr\u00e1cie dopantu (pribli\u017ene 0,6 objemov\u00fdch percent), pod ktorou \u0161pir\u00e1lovit\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara v tenk\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch v\u00f4bec nevznik\u00e1. Vysvetlen\u00edm je s\u00fa\u0165a\u017e medzi prirodzenou tendenciou materi\u00e1lu tvori\u0165 helik\u00e1lne usporiadanie a povrchov\u00fdm ukotven\u00edm molek\u00fal na sklenen\u00fdch platniach, ktor\u00e9 ich naopak udr\u017eiavaj\u00fa v kolmej orient\u00e1cii.\u00a0 A\u017e po prekro\u010den\u00ed tejto hranice sa v materi\u00e1li za\u010dn\u00fa prejavova\u0165 unik\u00e1tne vlastnosti, ako s\u00fa skokov\u00e9 zmeny v \u0161trukt\u00fare a v\u00fdrazn\u00e1 hyster\u00e9zia.<\/p>\n<p>Pomocou merania kapacity vzoriek vedci sledovali prechod medzi cholesterickou a nematickou f\u00e1zou pri postupnom zvy\u0161ovan\u00ed nap\u00e4tia. Elektrick\u00e9 pole postupne rozv\u00edja helik\u00e1lnu \u0161trukt\u00faru a orientuje molekuly v smere po\u013ea. Uk\u00e1zalo sa, \u017ee kritick\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie potrebn\u00e9 na tento prechod rastie so zvy\u0161uj\u00facou sa koncentr\u00e1ciou chir\u00e1lneho dopantu, preto\u017ee tesnej\u0161ia \u0161pir\u00e1la je mo\u017en\u00e9 rozvin\u00fa\u0165 len silnej\u0161\u00edm po\u013eom. Pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00e1ch dopantu vedci pozorovali aj skokov\u00e9 zmeny z\u00e1vitnice \u0161pir\u00e1ly, teda vzdialenosti, na ktorej sa \u0161pir\u00e1la oto\u010d\u00ed o 360 stup\u0148ov, \u010do poukazuje na existenciu viacer\u00fdch stabiln\u00fdch stavov materi\u00e1lu.<\/p>\n<p>Podobn\u00e9 spr\u00e1vanie sa prejavilo aj v magnetickom poli. Pri postupnom zni\u017eovan\u00ed elektrick\u00e9ho alebo magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea sa syst\u00e9m nevracia okam\u017eite do p\u00f4vodn\u00e9ho stavu. Objavuje sa hyster\u00e9zia \u2013 rozsah pol\u00ed, v ktorom m\u00f4\u017eu koexistova\u0165 dva stabiln\u00e9 optick\u00e9 stavy. Tento jav je mimoriadne d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd pre technol\u00f3gie, ktor\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00fa bistabilitu alebo multistabilitu.<\/p>\n<p>\u201eNa\u0161e v\u00fdsledky ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee spr\u00e1vne zvolen\u00e1 koncentr\u00e1cia chir\u00e1lneho pr\u00eddavku spolu s geometriou bunky rozhoduje o tom, \u010di sa cholesterick\u00e1 \u0161trukt\u00fara rozmot\u00e1va plynule alebo skokovo, a ak\u00e9 pole je na tento prechod potrebn\u00e9,\u201c vysvet\u013euje hlavn\u00e1 autorka \u0161t\u00fadie <strong>Veronika Lackov\u00e1<\/strong>. \u201e V\u00fdsledky s\u00fa d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 najm\u00e4 pre n\u00e1vrh responz\u00edvnych cholesterick\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a pre bud\u00face elektro- a\u00a0magneto-optick\u00e9 aplik\u00e1cie, kde je \u017eiaduca presn\u00e1 a opakovate\u013en\u00e1 zmena optick\u00e9ho stavu pri \u010do najni\u017e\u0161ej energetickej n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>\u0160t\u00fadia z\u00e1rove\u0148 vytv\u00e1ra z\u00e1klad pre bud\u00faci v\u00fdskum komplexnej\u0161\u00edch syst\u00e9mov, v ktorom vedci pl\u00e1nuj\u00fa kombinova\u0165 tieto kry\u0161t\u00e1ly s magnetick\u00fdmi nano\u010dasticami. Tieto hybridn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my by mohli vykazova\u0165 citlivej\u0161iu odozvu na vonkaj\u0161ie podnety, otv\u00e1raj\u00fac dvere k inov\u00e1ci\u00e1m v oblasti fotoniky a zobrazovac\u00edch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Spracovala:<\/strong> Veronika Lackov\u00e1, \u00dastav experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky SAV, v. v. i.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kvapaln\u00e9 kry\u0161t\u00e1ly s\u00fa dnes neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou technol\u00f3gi\u00ed, od displejov a\u017e po pokro\u010dil\u00e9 senzorick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. V novej \u0161t\u00fadii publikovanej v prest\u00ed\u017enom \u010dasopise Scientific Reports t\u00edm vedcov&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10014,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10013","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktuality"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10013","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10013"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10013\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10017,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10013\/revisions\/10017"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10013"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10013"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10013"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}