{"id":2294,"date":"2019-04-30T10:13:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-30T08:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/?page_id=2294"},"modified":"2020-01-26T16:34:10","modified_gmt":"2020-01-26T15:34:10","slug":"zameranie","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/oddelenia-a-laboratoria\/centrum-fyziky-nizkych-teplot\/zameranie\/","title":{"rendered":"Zameranie"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 aktivity v oblasti fyziky a techniky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t v Ko\u0161iciach za\u010dali z\u00e1sluhou <strong>\u0160. J\u00e1no\u0161a<\/strong> a jeho spolupracovn\u00edkov <strong>L. Kov\u00e1\u010da<\/strong> a <strong>A. Gr\u00e9sera<\/strong> na <em>Katedre experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky PF UPJ\u0160 v polovici 60-tych rokov<\/em>. V\u00fdznamnou udalos\u0165ou v tomto smere bolo prv\u00e9 skvapalnenie izotopu h\u00e9lia <sup>4<\/sup>He na tomto pracovisku v r.1968. Nasledovala svojpomocn\u00e1 stavba refriger\u00e1tora <sup>3<\/sup>He a refriger\u00e1tora <sup>3<\/sup>He-<sup>4<\/sup>He, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017enili dosahova\u0165 <em>teploty pod 1 K<\/em>. Samotn\u00fd fyzik\u00e1lny v\u00fdskum bol v tom \u010dase zameran\u00fd na \u0161t\u00fadium transportu elektrick\u00e9ho n\u00e1boja a tepla v kovoch vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn a v zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1ch na b\u00e1ze vz\u00e1cnych zem\u00edn pri n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch.<br \/>\nPo vzniku \u00daEF SAV v r. 1969 sa v r\u00e1mci oddelenia magnetizmu aj v \u00fastave za\u010d\u00edna vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 skupina pracovn\u00edkov s orient\u00e1ciou na fyziku a techniku n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t. S\u00fa to pov\u00e4\u010d\u0161ine absolventi PF UPJ\u0160 , ktor\u00ed vyrastali pod veden\u00edm \u0160. J\u00e1no\u0161a. V druhej polovici 70-tych rokov prich\u00e1dza za intern\u00e9ho pracovn\u00edka \u00fastavu aj \u0160. J\u00e1no\u0161 a od 1. 1. 1980 sa st\u00e1va prv\u00fdm ved\u00facim <em>Oddelenia fyziky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t<\/em>, ktor\u00e9 sa v \u00fastave kon\u0161tituuje ako samostatn\u00fd \u00fatvar. Je lokalizovan\u00e9 <em>v priestoroch Katedry experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky PF UPJ\u0160<\/em>, s ktorou m\u00e1 spolo\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdskumn\u00e9 laborat\u00f3ri\u00e1 a rozsiahlu vedeck\u00fa spolupr\u00e1cu. V r\u00e1mci tejto spolupr\u00e1ce sa podarilo vybudova\u0165 zariadenia umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00face dosahova\u0165 milikelvinov\u00e9 a submilikelvinov\u00e9 teploty. Vznik samostatn\u00e9ho oddelenia fyziky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t ur\u00fdchlilo aj zavedenie nov\u00fdch experiment\u00e1lnych metod\u00edk, roz\u0161\u00edrilo sa spektrum sk\u00faman\u00fdch materi\u00e1lov a rozvinulo sa aj teoretick\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadium r\u00f4znych probl\u00e9mov z oblasti kondenzovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tok.<br \/>\nVe\u013emi atrakt\u00edvnu oblas\u0165 v\u00fdskumu tvor\u00ed \u0161t\u00fadium magnetick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed supratekut\u00e9ho <sup>3<\/sup>He met\u00f3dou jadrovej magnetickej rezonancie a met\u00f3dou homog\u00e9nne precesuj\u00facej magnetickej dom\u00e9ny pod teplotou 1 mK. Spolo\u010dn\u00fd kolekt\u00edv pozost\u00e1vaj\u00faci z pracovn\u00edkov Katedry experiment\u00e1lnej fyziky PF UPJ\u0160 a Oddelenia fyziky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t \u00daEF SAV (<strong>\u0160. J\u00e1no\u0161, J. Ny\u00e9ki, P. Skyba, E. Ga\u017eo<\/strong>) patr\u00ed k neve\u013ek\u00e9mu po\u010dtu pracov\u00edsk na svete, v ktor\u00fdch sa tak\u00fdto n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fd experiment\u00e1lny v\u00fdskum realizuje. B\u00e1zu pre tento v\u00fdskum tvor\u00ed <u>v dom\u00e1cich podmienkach vybudovan\u00fd <sup>3<\/sup>He-<sup>4<\/sup>He refriger\u00e1tor s v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm dif\u00fazne zv\u00e1ran\u00fdm jadrov\u00fdm stup\u0148om<\/u>, ktor\u00fd umo\u017e\u0148uje dosahova\u0165 <em>teploty v okol\u00ed 0,1 mK<\/em>. Ako nevyhnutn\u00e1 s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 experiment\u00e1lneho vybavenia pre tento v\u00fdskum boli v dom\u00e1cich podmienkach vyroben\u00e9 aj po\u010d\u00edta\u010dom riaden\u00e9 zdroje pr\u00fadu pre supravodiv\u00e9 magnety a bol vypracovan\u00fd a zhotoven\u00fd syst\u00e9m pre automatick\u00fd zber d\u00e1t a kontrolu \u010dinnosti zariadenia. Kolekt\u00edv pracuj\u00faci v tejto oblasti v Ko\u0161iciach spolupracuje s viacer\u00fdmi pracoviskami v zahrani\u010d\u00ed, a to najm\u00e4 s \u00dastavom fyzik\u00e1lnych probl\u00e9mov AV Ruskej feder\u00e1cie v Moskve, s Univerzitou v Bayreuthe (Nemecko), s N\u00e1rodn\u00fdm centrom vedeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu (CNRS) v Grenobli (Franc\u00fazsko), s Univerzitou v Lancasteri a Lond\u00fdnskou univerzitou (Ve\u013ek\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nia).<br \/>\nV oblasti fyziky tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tok sa oddelenie koncentruje na \u0161t\u00fadium transportn\u00fdch, tepeln\u00fdch, magnetick\u00fdch a optick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed materi\u00e1lov na b\u00e1ze lantanoidov a aktinidov pri n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch (<strong>K.Flachbart<\/strong>). Pozornos\u0165 sa venuje najm\u00e4 s\u00fastav\u00e1m so silnou elektr\u00f3novou korel\u00e1ciou, ku ktor\u00fdm patria vysokoteplotn\u00e9 supravodi\u010de, \u0165a\u017ekofermi\u00f3nov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a zmie\u0161anovalen\u010dn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my. K experimentovaniu v tejto oblasti sl\u00fa\u017eia <sup>3<\/sup>He-<sup>4<\/sup>He refriger\u00e1tor s tzv. \u201dtop loading\u201d syst\u00e9mom, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facim v\u00fdmenu a ochladzovanie do milikelvinov\u00fdch tepl\u00f4t, a nieko\u013eko \u010fal\u0161\u00edch kryostatov, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa\u00a0 meranie pri vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch teplot\u00e1ch. Od r.1983 sa pri \u0161t\u00fadiu t\u00fdchto probl\u00e9mov\u00a0 vyu\u017e\u00edva aj met\u00f3da mikrokontaktnej a tunelovej spektroskopie (<strong>M. Reiffers, P. Samuely<\/strong>), ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa sledovanie elektr\u00f3n-kv\u00e1zi\u010dasticovej interakcie v kovoch a kovov\u00fdch zl\u00fa\u010denin\u00e1ch a ur\u010dovanie niektor\u00fdch parametrov ich elektr\u00f3novej a fon\u00f3novej \u0161trukt\u00fary. Za vyu\u017eitie mikrokontaktnej spektroskopie pri \u0161t\u00fadiu elektr\u00f3n-kv\u00e1zi\u010dasticovej interakcie vo vybran\u00fdch tuh\u00fdch l\u00e1tkach bola u\u017e v\u00a0 r. 1988 udelen\u00e1 <em>kolekt\u00edvu pracovn\u00edkov M. Reiffers, P. Samuely, K. Flachbart, \u0160. J\u00e1no\u0161 cena SAV<\/em>. Optick\u00e9 merania (<strong>N. Toma\u0161ovi\u010dov\u00e1<\/strong>) sa realizuj\u00fa na infra\u010dervenom spektrometri Bruker, ktor\u00fd pracuje v\u00a0 rozsahu 10 a\u017e 10000 cm<sup>-1 <\/sup>a umo\u017e\u0148uje realizova\u0165 merania pri teplot\u00e1ch nad 4,2 K. Teoretick\u00e1 skupina (<strong>M. Kupka, P. Farka\u0161ovsk\u00fd<\/strong>) sa zaober\u00e1 \u0161t\u00fadiom silne korelovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov \u2013 vysokoteplotn\u00fdch supravodi\u010dov a \u0165a\u017ekofermi\u00f3nov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov. Aj pri tomto v\u00fdskume oddelenie intenz\u00edvne spolupracuje v \u00fastave s Oddelen\u00edm fyziky magnetick\u00fdch javov, \u010falej s PF UPJ\u0160 a FEI TU v Ko\u0161iciach, s\u00a0 CNRS v Grenobli (Franc\u00fazsko), s \u00dastavom Maxa Plancka v Grenobli, s Univerzitou v Bayreuthe (Nemecko), s Fyzik\u00e1lno-technick\u00fdm \u00fastavom n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t v Charkove a \u00dastavom probl\u00e9mov materi\u00e1lov\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu v Kyjeve (Ukrajina), s Univerzitou v Santanderi, s Univerzitou v Oviede (\u0160panielsko) a s \u00dastavom Waltera Meissnera (WMI) v Garchingu, Nemecko a s Fyzik\u00e1lnym \u00fastavom P.N.Lebedeva RAV v Moskve (Rusk\u00e1 feder\u00e1cia).<br \/>\nS\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou experiment\u00e1lneho vybavenia oddelenia je aj skvapal\u0148ova\u010d h\u00e9lia fy. Cryophysics, ktor\u00fd je v prev\u00e1dzke od r. 1979 a umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00e1sobova\u0165 kvapaln\u00fdm h\u00e9liom aj in\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1lne pracovisk\u00e1 a in\u0161tit\u00facie v Ko\u0161iciach. Kvapaln\u00fd dus\u00edk, potrebn\u00fd na n\u00edzkoteplotn\u00e9 experimenty, je v posledn\u00fdch rokoch z\u00edskavan\u00fd ako sponzorsk\u00fd pr\u00edspevok od VS\u017d, Oce\u013e s.r.o., Ko\u0161ice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"http:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef-intranet-old\/files\/ofnt\/coldest_place.jpg\" alt=\"coldest_place.jpg\" width=\"535\" height=\"713\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Najchladnej\u0161ie miesto v strednej Eur\u00f3pe<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 aktivity v oblasti fyziky a techniky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t v Ko\u0161iciach za\u010dali z\u00e1sluhou \u0160. J\u00e1no\u0161a a jeho spolupracovn\u00edkov L. Kov\u00e1\u010da a A. Gr\u00e9sera na Katedre&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":2280,"menu_order":95,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2294"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2294"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2294\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3783,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2294\/revisions\/3783"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}