{"id":2280,"date":"2019-04-29T13:35:58","date_gmt":"2019-04-29T11:35:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/?page_id=2280"},"modified":"2020-02-20T15:38:44","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T14:38:44","slug":"centrum-fyziky-nizkych-teplot","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/oddelenia-a-laboratoria\/centrum-fyziky-nizkych-teplot\/","title":{"rendered":"Centrum fyziky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tak ako krv je \u017eivotod\u00e1rnou tekutinou pre na\u0161e telo, tak je kvapaln\u00e9 h\u00e9lium<\/strong> d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre experimenty pri ve\u013emi n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch. Kvapaln\u00e9 h\u00e9lium (T = 4.2 K) sa z\u00edskava v skvapal\u0148ova\u010di, ktor\u00fd je s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou infra\u0161trukt\u00fary OFNT \u2013 Centra fyziky n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t<\/u>, pri\u010dom ro\u010dne sa ho vyrob\u00ed okolo 30 000 litrov. Distribuuje sa nie len do jednotliv\u00fdch laborat\u00f3ri\u00ed centra ale aj do nemocn\u00edc, kde sl\u00fa\u017ei na chladenie magnetov tomografov magnetickej rezonancie (MRT)<\/u>. Spom\u00ednan\u00e9 magnety, ale aj tie, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa pri r\u00f4znych v\u00fdskumoch (napr. CERN), s\u00fa vyroben\u00e9 zo supravodi\u010dov. Fyzik\u00e1lne vlastnosti supravodi\u010dov sa u n\u00e1s intenz\u00edvne \u0161tuduj\u00fa u\u017e nieko\u013eko rokov r\u00f4znymi met\u00f3dami (mikrokontaktov\u00e1 spektroskopia<\/strong>, ac-kalorimetria<\/strong> \u010di najnov\u0161ie skenovacia tunelov\u00e1 mikroskopia<\/strong> \u2013 STM). Azda najv\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie v\u00fdsledky boli dosiahnut\u00e9 pri \u0161t\u00fadiu supravodiv\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu MgB2<\/sub>, ktor\u00fd v\u010faka pomerne vysokej hodnote kritickej teploty a magnetick\u00e9ho po\u013ea na\u0161iel r\u00fdchle uplatnenie pr\u00e1ve v spom\u00ednan\u00fdch supravodiv\u00fdch magnetoch.<\/p>\n

\"MRT-tomograf.jpg\"<\/p>\n

Supravodi\u010de v diagnostike magnetickej rezonancie<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"STM-microscop.jpg\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

STM mikroskop \u201evid\u00ed\u201c at\u00f3my<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vlastnosti vesm\u00edru<\/strong> je mo\u017en\u00e9 sk\u00fama\u0165 aj nepriamo v laborat\u00f3riu pri ultran\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch (pod 1 mK), pri ktor\u00fdch sa vz\u00e1cny izotop 3<\/sup>He st\u00e1va supratekut\u00fdm. V takomto makroskopickom kvantovom syst\u00e9me sa daj\u00fa re\u00e1lne simulova\u0165 a pozorova\u0165 napr\u00edklad turbulencie a fluktu\u00e1cie fyzik\u00e1lneho v\u00e1kua<\/strong>, javy s\u00favisiace s horizontom udalost\u00ed \u010diernych dier<\/strong>, naru\u0161enie symetrie vesm\u00edru po Ve\u013ekom tresku<\/strong>, javy vo vn\u00fatri neutr\u00f3nov\u00fdch hviezd<\/strong> a in\u00e9 fundament\u00e1lne ot\u00e1zky. Ultran\u00edzke teploty poskytuj\u00fa vhodn\u00e9 podmienky aj na experiment\u00e1lne \u0161t\u00fadium kvantov\u00fdch bitov \u2013 quibitov <\/strong>vytvoren\u00fdch \u010di u\u017e priamo v supratekutom 3<\/sup>He alebo na b\u00e1ze nano-SQUID-ov. Okrem extr\u00e9mne n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t<\/u> a vysok\u00fdch magnetick\u00fdch pol\u00ed<\/u> sa oddelenie orientuje aj na v\u00fdskum silne korelovan\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov pri extr\u00e9mne vysok\u00fdch tlakoch<\/u> (do cca 10 GPa), pri ktor\u00fdch sa pozoruj\u00fa neo\u010dak\u00e1van\u00e9 vlastnosti. Najnov\u0161\u00edm smerom v\u00fdskumu OFNT je \u0161t\u00fadium vlastnost\u00ed l\u00e1tok redukovanej dimenzie<\/strong>. V\u0161etky spom\u00ednan\u00e9 oblasti v\u00fdskumu centra sa nezaob\u00eddu bez spolupr\u00e1ce so \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdmi laborat\u00f3riami vo svete (Berl\u00edn, Grenoble, Lancaster, Madrid, Viede\u0148, Santander, Ames, Pohang, Shanghai, Helsinki,\u2026) a jeho v\u00fdsledky s\u00fa prezentovan\u00e9 v najprest\u00ed\u017enej\u0161\u00edch fyzik\u00e1lnych \u010dasopisoch.
\n\"universe.jpg\"<\/p>\n

\u010cierna diera mimo laborat\u00f3ria<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tak ako krv je \u017eivotod\u00e1rnou tekutinou pre na\u0161e telo, tak je kvapaln\u00e9 h\u00e9lium d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pre experimenty pri ve\u013emi n\u00edzkych teplot\u00e1ch. Kvapaln\u00e9 h\u00e9lium (T = 4.2…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":9,"menu_order":95,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2280"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4035,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2280\/revisions\/4035"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/websrv.saske.sk\/uef\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2280"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}